diff --git a/models/avatars/avatar.go b/models/avatars/avatar.go
index c197a22dc1ae..bbe16483bf7f 100644
--- a/models/avatars/avatar.go
+++ b/models/avatars/avatar.go
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ package avatars
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"crypto/md5"
+	"encoding/hex"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/url"
 	"path"
@@ -13,7 +15,6 @@ import (
 	"sync/atomic"
 
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
-	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/base"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/cache"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
@@ -90,7 +91,9 @@ func DefaultAvatarLink() string {
 
 // HashEmail hashes email address to MD5 string. https://en.gravatar.com/site/implement/hash/
 func HashEmail(email string) string {
-	return base.EncodeMD5(strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(email)))
+	m := md5.New()
+	_, _ = m.Write([]byte(strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(email))))
+	return hex.EncodeToString(m.Sum(nil))
 }
 
 // GetEmailForHash converts a provided md5sum to the email
diff --git a/models/git/protected_branch.go b/models/git/protected_branch.go
index 528acc175a27..66a4b52b1790 100644
--- a/models/git/protected_branch.go
+++ b/models/git/protected_branch.go
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ import (
 	repo_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/repo"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/unit"
 	user_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/user"
-	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/base"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/timeutil"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
@@ -127,7 +126,7 @@ func (protectBranch *ProtectedBranch) CanUserPush(ctx context.Context, user *use
 		return writeAccess
 	}
 
-	if base.Int64sContains(protectBranch.WhitelistUserIDs, user.ID) {
+	if slices.Contains(protectBranch.WhitelistUserIDs, user.ID) {
 		return true
 	}
 
@@ -150,7 +149,7 @@ func IsUserMergeWhitelisted(ctx context.Context, protectBranch *ProtectedBranch,
 		return permissionInRepo.CanWrite(unit.TypeCode)
 	}
 
-	if base.Int64sContains(protectBranch.MergeWhitelistUserIDs, userID) {
+	if slices.Contains(protectBranch.MergeWhitelistUserIDs, userID) {
 		return true
 	}
 
@@ -182,7 +181,7 @@ func IsUserOfficialReviewer(ctx context.Context, protectBranch *ProtectedBranch,
 		return writeAccess, nil
 	}
 
-	if base.Int64sContains(protectBranch.ApprovalsWhitelistUserIDs, user.ID) {
+	if slices.Contains(protectBranch.ApprovalsWhitelistUserIDs, user.ID) {
 		return true, nil
 	}
 
diff --git a/models/git/protected_tag.go b/models/git/protected_tag.go
index 12e53a3331e9..8a0504565125 100644
--- a/models/git/protected_tag.go
+++ b/models/git/protected_tag.go
@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ package git
 import (
 	"context"
 	"regexp"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/organization"
-	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/base"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/timeutil"
 
 	"github.com/gobwas/glob"
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ func DeleteProtectedTag(ctx context.Context, pt *ProtectedTag) error {
 
 // IsUserAllowedModifyTag returns true if the user is allowed to modify the tag
 func IsUserAllowedModifyTag(ctx context.Context, pt *ProtectedTag, userID int64) (bool, error) {
-	if base.Int64sContains(pt.AllowlistUserIDs, userID) {
+	if slices.Contains(pt.AllowlistUserIDs, userID) {
 		return true, nil
 	}
 
diff --git a/models/issues/review.go b/models/issues/review.go
index e06670c9a10a..4cbfa4f44357 100644
--- a/models/issues/review.go
+++ b/models/issues/review.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ package issues
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
@@ -15,7 +16,6 @@ import (
 	access_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/perm/access"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/unit"
 	user_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/user"
-	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/base"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/structs"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/timeutil"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ func IsOfficialReviewerTeam(ctx context.Context, issue *Issue, team *organizatio
 		return team.UnitAccessMode(ctx, unit.TypeCode) >= perm.AccessModeWrite, nil
 	}
 
-	return base.Int64sContains(pb.ApprovalsWhitelistTeamIDs, team.ID), nil
+	return slices.Contains(pb.ApprovalsWhitelistTeamIDs, team.ID), nil
 }
 
 // CreateReview creates a new review based on opts
diff --git a/modules/base/tool.go b/modules/base/tool.go
index 71dcb83fb485..e9f4dfa27947 100644
--- a/modules/base/tool.go
+++ b/modules/base/tool.go
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 package base
 
 import (
-	"crypto/md5"
 	"crypto/sha1"
 	"encoding/base64"
 	"encoding/hex"
@@ -16,7 +15,6 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
-	"unicode"
 	"unicode/utf8"
 
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/git"
@@ -27,13 +25,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/minio/sha256-simd"
 )
 
-// EncodeMD5 encodes string to md5 hex value.
-func EncodeMD5(str string) string {
-	m := md5.New()
-	_, _ = m.Write([]byte(str))
-	return hex.EncodeToString(m.Sum(nil))
-}
-
 // EncodeSha1 string to sha1 hex value.
 func EncodeSha1(str string) string {
 	h := sha1.New()
@@ -70,11 +61,6 @@ func BasicAuthDecode(encoded string) (string, string, error) {
 	return auth[0], auth[1], nil
 }
 
-// BasicAuthEncode encode basic auth string
-func BasicAuthEncode(username, password string) string {
-	return base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(username + ":" + password))
-}
-
 // VerifyTimeLimitCode verify time limit code
 func VerifyTimeLimitCode(data string, minutes int, code string) bool {
 	if len(code) <= 18 {
@@ -184,22 +170,6 @@ func Int64sToStrings(ints []int64) []string {
 	return strs
 }
 
-// Int64sContains returns if a int64 in a slice of int64
-func Int64sContains(intsSlice []int64, a int64) bool {
-	for _, c := range intsSlice {
-		if c == a {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
-// IsLetter reports whether the rune is a letter (category L).
-// https://github.com/golang/go/blob/c3b4918/src/go/scanner/scanner.go#L342
-func IsLetter(ch rune) bool {
-	return 'a' <= ch && ch <= 'z' || 'A' <= ch && ch <= 'Z' || ch == '_' || ch >= 0x80 && unicode.IsLetter(ch)
-}
-
 // EntryIcon returns the octicon class for displaying files/directories
 func EntryIcon(entry *git.TreeEntry) string {
 	switch {
diff --git a/modules/base/tool_test.go b/modules/base/tool_test.go
index 0c3e76704ea7..d28deb593d41 100644
--- a/modules/base/tool_test.go
+++ b/modules/base/tool_test.go
@@ -11,13 +11,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 )
 
-func TestEncodeMD5(t *testing.T) {
-	assert.Equal(t,
-		"3858f62230ac3c915f300c664312c63f",
-		EncodeMD5("foobar"),
-	)
-}
-
 func TestEncodeSha1(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t,
 		"8843d7f92416211de9ebb963ff4ce28125932878",
@@ -52,11 +45,6 @@ func TestBasicAuthDecode(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Error(t, err)
 }
 
-func TestBasicAuthEncode(t *testing.T) {
-	assert.Equal(t, "Zm9vOmJhcg==", BasicAuthEncode("foo", "bar"))
-	assert.Equal(t, "MjM6IjotLS0t", BasicAuthEncode("23:\"", "----"))
-}
-
 func TestVerifyTimeLimitCode(t *testing.T) {
 	tc := []struct {
 		data    string
@@ -167,29 +155,6 @@ func TestInt64sToStrings(t *testing.T) {
 	)
 }
 
-func TestInt64sContains(t *testing.T) {
-	assert.True(t, Int64sContains([]int64{6, 44324, 4324, 32, 1, 2323}, 1))
-	assert.True(t, Int64sContains([]int64{2323}, 2323))
-	assert.False(t, Int64sContains([]int64{6, 44324, 4324, 32, 1, 2323}, 232))
-}
-
-func TestIsLetter(t *testing.T) {
-	assert.True(t, IsLetter('a'))
-	assert.True(t, IsLetter('e'))
-	assert.True(t, IsLetter('q'))
-	assert.True(t, IsLetter('z'))
-	assert.True(t, IsLetter('A'))
-	assert.True(t, IsLetter('E'))
-	assert.True(t, IsLetter('Q'))
-	assert.True(t, IsLetter('Z'))
-	assert.True(t, IsLetter('_'))
-	assert.False(t, IsLetter('-'))
-	assert.False(t, IsLetter('1'))
-	assert.False(t, IsLetter('$'))
-	assert.False(t, IsLetter(0x00))
-	assert.False(t, IsLetter(0x93))
-}
-
 // TODO: Test EntryIcon
 
 func TestSetupGiteaRoot(t *testing.T) {
diff --git a/routers/web/user/setting/profile.go b/routers/web/user/setting/profile.go
index d8331fef43f5..00614565d203 100644
--- a/routers/web/user/setting/profile.go
+++ b/routers/web/user/setting/profile.go
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/avatars"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/organization"
 	repo_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/repo"
@@ -130,7 +131,7 @@ func UpdateAvatarSetting(ctx *context.Context, form *forms.AvatarForm, ctxUser *
 	ctxUser.UseCustomAvatar = form.Source == forms.AvatarLocal
 	if len(form.Gravatar) > 0 {
 		if form.Avatar != nil {
-			ctxUser.Avatar = base.EncodeMD5(form.Gravatar)
+			ctxUser.Avatar = avatars.HashEmail(form.Gravatar)
 		} else {
 			ctxUser.Avatar = ""
 		}