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Add oauth2 documentation (#6604)

* Add oauth2 documentation

Signed-off-by: Jonas Franz <info@jonasfranz.software>

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: jonasfranz <info@jonasfranz.software>

* Update docs/content/doc/advanced/oauth2-provider.md

Co-Authored-By: jonasfranz <info@jonasfranz.software>

* Update oauth2-provider.md
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@ -39,6 +39,14 @@ Gitea parses queries and headers to find the token in
You can create an API key token via your Gitea installation's web interface:
`Settings | Applications | Generate New Token`.
### OAuth2
Access tokens obtained from Gitea's [OAuth2 provider](https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/oauth2-provider) are accepted by these methods:
- `Authorization bearer ...` header in HTTP headers
- `token=...` parameter in URL query string
- `access_token=...` parameter in URL query string
### More on the `Authorization:` header
For historical reasons, Gitea needs the word `token` included before

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---
date: "2019-04-19:44:00+01:00"
title: "OAuth2 provider"
slug: "oauth2-provider"
weight: 41
toc: true
draft: false
menu:
sidebar:
parent: "advanced"
name: "OAuth2 Provider"
weight: 41
identifier: "oauth2-provider"
---
# OAuth2 provider
Gitea supports acting as an OAuth2 provider to allow third party applications to access its resources with the user's consent. This feature is available since release 1.8.0.
## Endpoints
Endpoint | URL
-----------------------|----------------------------
Authorization Endpoint | `/login/oauth/authorize`
Access Token Endpoint | `/login/oauth/access_token`
## Supported OAuth2 Grants
At the moment Gitea only supports the [**Authorization Code Grant**](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-1.3.1) standard with additional support of the [Proof Key for Code Exchange (PKCE)](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7636) extension.
To use the Authorization Code Grant as a third party application it is required to register a new application via the "Settings" (`/user/settings/applications`) section of the settings.
## Scopes
Currently Gitea does not support scopes (see [#4300](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/4300)) and all third party applications will be granted access to all resources of the user and his/her organizations.
## Example
**Note:** This example does not use PKCE.
1. Redirect to user to the authorization endpoint in order to get his/her consent for accessing the resources:
```curl
https://[YOUR-GITEA-URL]/login/oauth/authorize?client_id=CLIENT_ID&redirect_uri=REDIRECT_URI& response_type=code&state=STATE
```
The `CLIENT_ID` can be obtained by registering an application in the settings. The `STATE` is a random string that will be send back to your application after the user authorizes. The `state` parameter is optional but should be used to prevent CSRF attacks.
![Authorization Page](/authorize.png)
The user will now be asked to authorize your application. If they authorize it, the user will be redirected to the `REDIRECT_URL`, for example:
```curl
https://[REDIRECT_URI]?code=RETURNED_CODE&state=STATE
```
2. Using the provided `code` from the redirect, you can request a new application and refresh token. The access token endpoints accepts POST requests with `application/json` and `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` body, for example:
```curl
POST https://[YOUR-GITEA-URL]/login/oauth/access_token
```
```json
{
"client_id": "YOUR_CLIENT_ID",
"client_secret": "YOUR_CLIENT_SECRET",
"code": "RETURNED_CODE",
"grant_type": "authorization_code",
"redirect_uri": "REDIRECT_URI"
}
```
Response:
```json
{
"access_token":"eyJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJnbnQiOjIsInR0IjowLCJleHAiOjE1NTUxNzk5MTIsImlhdCI6MTU1NTE3NjMxMn0.0-iFsAwBtxuckA0sNZ6QpBQmywVPz129u75vOM7wPJecw5wqGyBkmstfJHAjEOqrAf_V5Z-1QYeCh_Cz4RiKug",
"token_type":"bearer",
"expires_in":3600,
"refresh_token":"eyJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJnbnQiOjIsInR0IjoxLCJjbnQiOjEsImV4cCI6MTU1NzgwNDMxMiwiaWF0IjoxNTU1MTc2MzEyfQ.S_HZQBy4q9r5SEzNGNIoFClT43HPNDbUdHH-GYNYYdkRfft6XptJBkUQscZsGxOW975Yk6RbgtGvq1nkEcklOw"
}
```
The `CLIENT_SECRET` is the unique secret code generated for this application. Please note that the secret will only be visible after you created/registered the application with Gitea and cannot be recovered. If you lose the secret you must regenerate the secret via the application's settings.
The `REDIRECT_URI` in the `access_token` request must match the `REDIRECT_URI` in the `authorize` request.
3. Use the `access_token` to make [API requests](https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/api-usage#oauth2) to access the user's resources.

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